CITATION COUNT: 18
Single-Diode and Two-Diode Pv Cell Modeling Using Matlab For Studying Characteristics Of Solar Cell 18 Under Varying Conditions
Vivek Tamrakar1,S.C. Gupta2 andYashwant Sawle3
1, 2, 3Department of Electrical Engineering, M.A.N.I.T. Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
ABSTRACT:
This paper presents a detailed eplaination about various characteristics of ideal single diode, practical single diode and two diode equivalent circuit models realized for modeling of solar photovoltaic cell. Then it presents non-linear mathematical equations necessary for producing I-V and P-V characteristics from a single diode model. A flowchart has been made for estimation of solar cell output current, for single diode and two diode model, using Newton-Raphson iterative technique which is then programmed in MATLABscript file accordingly. A typical 120W polycrystalline solar module specifications have been used formodel accuracy evaluation. The characteristic curves were obtained with the use of manufacturer`sdatasheet and it shows the precise correspondence to both the models.
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KEYWORDS:
Single Diode, Two Diode, I-V and P-V characteristics, solar irradiance, photovoltaic.
REFERENCES
[1] Saloux Etienne, Teyssedou Alberto, SorinMikhaïl. “Explicit model of photovoltaic panels to determine voltages and currents at the maximum power point”. Sol Energy 2011;85(5), pp. 713-22.
[2] IshaqueKashif, Salam Zainal, Taheri Hamed. “Simple, fast and accurate two diode model for photovoltaic modules”. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 2011;95(2), pp. 586-94.
[3] Tsai Huan-Liang. “Insolation-oriented model of photovoltaic module using Matlab/simulink”. SolEnergy 2010;84(7), pp.1318-26.
[4] Gow, J.A.; Manning, C.D., “Development of a photovoltaic array model for use in power-electronics simulation studies,” Electric Power Applications, IEE Proceedings – , vol.146, no.2, pp.193-200, Mar 1999 doi: 10.1049/ip-epa:19990116.
[5] Yetayew, T.T.; Jyothsna, T.R., “Improved single-diode modeling approach for photovoltaic modulesusing data sheet,” India Conference (INDICON), 2013 Annual IEEE , vol., no., pp.1-6, 13-15 Dec.2013 doi: 10.1109/INDCON.2013.6726092.
[6] Besheer, A.H.; Abdelaziz, A.Y., “A comparative analysis for different kinds of single diode modelphotovoltaic module,” Innovative Smart Grid Technologies – Asia (ISGT Asia), 2014 IEEE , vol., no.,pp.41-46, 20-23 May 2014.
[7] Hyeonah Park; Hyosung Kim, “PV cell modeling on single-diode equivalent circuit,” Industrial Electronics Society, IECON 2013 – 39th Annual Conference of the IEEE , vol., no., pp.1845-1849, 10-13 Nov. 2013
[8] Suthar, M.; Singh, G.K.; Saini, R.P., “Comparison of mathematical models of photo-voltaic (PV)module and effect of various parameters on its performance,” Energy Efficient Technologies forSustainability (ICEETS), 2013 International Conference on , vol., no., pp.1354-1359, 10-12 April2013.
[9] Filippo Attivissimo, Francesco Adamo, Alessio Carullo, Anna Maria Lucia Lanzolla, FilippoSpertino, Alberto Vallan. “On the performance of the double diode model in estimating the MPP for different photovoltaic technologies”. Measurement 46 (2013) pp.3549–3559.
[10] BP SOLAREX MSX-120W PV module datasheet.www.altestore.com
CITATION COUNT-12
COLOUR IMAGE ENHANCEMENT BASED ON HISTOGRAM EQUALIZATION
Kanika Kapoor and Shaveta Arora
Department of ECE, ITM University, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
ABSTRACT
Histogram equalization is a nonlinear technique for adjusting the contrast of an image using itshistogram. It increases the brightness of a gray scale image which is different from the mean brightness ofthe original image. There are various types of Histogram equalization techniques like HistogramEqualization, Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization, Brightness Preserving Bi HistogramEqualization, Dualistic Sub Image Histogram Equalization, Minimum Mean Brightness Error Bi Histogram Equalization, Recursive Mean Separate Histogram Equalization and Recursive Sub Image
Histogram Equalization. In this paper, the histogram equalization approach of gray-level images is extended for colour images. The acquired image is converted into HSV (Hue, Saturati on, Value). Theimage is then decomposed into two parts by using exposure thre shold and then equalized the mind ependently Over enhancement is also controlled in this method by using clipping threshold. Formeasuring the performance of the enhanced image, entropy and contrast are calculated.
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KEYWORDS
Colour Enhancement, Histogram Equalization, Entropy, Contrast
REFERENCES
[1] Gonzalez, R.C., Woods, R.E., (2002). Digital Image Processing, second ed. Prentice Hall.
[2] Kim, Y.T., (1997). Contrast enhancement using brightness preserving bi-histogram equalization. IEEE Trans. Consumer Electron. 43 (1), 1–8.
[3] Wan, Y., Chen, Q., Zhang, B.M., (1999). Image enhancement based on equal area dualistic subimage histogram equalization method. IEEE Trans. Consumer Electron. 45 (1), 68–75.
[4] Chen, S.D., Ramli, A.R., (2003a). Contrast enhancement using recursive mean-separate histogramequalization for scalable brightness preservation. IEEE Trans.Consumer Electron. 49 (4), 1301–1309.
[5] Chen, S.D., Ramli, A.R., (2003b). Minimum mean brightness error bi-histogram equalization in contrast enhancement. IEEE Trans. Consumer Electron. 49 (4), 1310–1319.
[6] Sim, K.S., Tso, C.P., Tan, Y.Y., (2007). Recursive sub-image histogram equalization applied to gray scale images. Pattern Recogn. Lett. 28 (10), 1209–1221.
[7] Soong-Der Chen, Abd. Rahman Ramli, (2004). Preserving brightness in histogram equalization based contrast enhancement techniques. Digital Signal Processing 14 (2004) 413–428.
[8] Sayali Nimkar, Sucheta Shrivastava and Sanal Varghese, (2013).CONTRAST Enhancement and brightness preservation using multidecomposition histogram Equalization Signal & Image Processing: An International Journal (SIPIJ) Vol.4, No.3, June 2013.
[9] Gurvir Sing, Mandeep Singh, (2013). Histogram Eualization Techniques for Image Enhancement using Fuzzy Logic. International Journal of Engineering and Management Research.Volume-3, Issue-6, December-2013, ISSN No.: 2250-0758.
[10] Kuldeep Singh, Rajiv Kapoor, (2014) Image enhancement using Exposure based Sub ImageHistogram Equalization, Pattern Recognition Letters No. 36, pp10–14.
CITATION COUNT:08
STATE OF THE ART: DYNAMIC VOLTAGE RESTORER
FOR POWER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT
Rakeshwri Pal1, Dr. Sushma Gupta2
1Research scholar, Department of Electrical Engineering, MANIT, Bhopal, M. P., India
2Associate Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, MANIT, Bhopal, M. P.,India
ABSTRACT
Improved and controlled power quality is one of the essential and fundamental need in any power driven industry for optimum utilization of resources. However critical problems in power quality have been recognized such as sags, swells, harmonic distortions and other interruptions. Out of these sags and swells are predominantly found and have severe impact on the electrical devices or electrical machines and therefore needs to be compensated at an earliest to ensure any mal-operation or failure. To crack these problems custom power devices are used like unified power-quality conditioner (UPQC), distribution- STATCOM (DSTATCOM) and dynamic voltage restorer (DVR). The DVR is a one of the custom power device used for the compensation of voltage sag and swell with an advantage of active/reactive power control. A major volume of literature reported in past several years on different configurations of DVR and different control technique used in it. In context of this a detailed review on DVR has been presented withdifferent possible power circuit topologies and control techniques available to reconcile these power quality issues. This review article will contribute in better selection of control strategy and power circuitfor optimum performance of DVR for a particular requirement. Also it presents a very helpful investigationfor the researcher in this field.
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KEYWORDS
DVR, Power system, Power quality, Voltage sag, Compensation Technique
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[41] Mahmoud, A., El-Gammal, Amr Y. Abou-Ghazala and Tarek I. El-Shennawy,,“ Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) for Voltage Sag Mitigation”,International Journal on Electrical Engineering and Informatics, vol.3, no.1, pp.1-11, march 2011.
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June 2015 98
[82] Usha, R. P., R. Sudha, and S. Rama Reddy. “Voltage sag/swell compensation in an interline dynamic voltage restorer.” In Emerging Trends in Electrical and Computer Technology (ICETECT), 2011 International Conference on, pp. 309-314. IEEE, 2011.
[83] Elserougi, A.; Abdel-Khalik, A.S.; Ahmed, S.; Massoud, A., “Active and reactive power management of photovoltaic-based interline dynamic voltage restorer in low voltage distribution networks,” Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), 2012 IEEE , vol., no., pp.3098,3104, 15-20 Sept. 2012.
[84] Hossam-Eldin, A.; Elserougi, A., “Renewable energy fed interline DVR for voltage sag mitigation in distribution grids,” Electricity Distribution (CIRED 2013), 22nd International Conference and Exhibition on, vol., no., pp.1,4, 10-13 June 2013.
[85] Vilathgamuwa, D.M.; Wijekoon, H.M.; Choi, S.S., “Interline dynamic voltage restorer: a novel and economical approach for multiline power quality compensation,” Industry Applications, IEEE Transactions on, vol.40, no.6, pp.1678,-685, Nov.-Dec. 2004.
[86] Li, B.H.; Choi, S.S.; Vilathgamuwa, D.M., “Transformerless dynamic voltage restorer,” Generation, Transmission and Distribution, IEE Proceedings- , vol.149, no.3, pp.263-273, May 2002.
[87] Sng, E.K.K.; Choi, S.S.; Vilathgamuwa, D.M., “Analysis of series compensation and DC-link voltage controls of a transformerless self-charging dynamic voltage restorer,” Power Delivery, IEEE Transactions on , vol.19, no.3, pp.1511-1518, July 2004.
[88] Babaei, E.; Kangarlu, M.F., “Voltage quality improvement by a dynamic voltage restorer based on a direct three-phase converter with fictitious DC link,” Generation, Transmission & Distribution, IET , vol.5, no.8, pp.814-823, August 2011.
[89] Babaei, E.; Kangarlu, M.F.; Sabahi, M., “Mitigation of Voltage Disturbances Using Dynamic Voltage Restorer Based on Direct Converters,” Power Delivery, IEEE Transactions on , vol.25, no.4, pp.2676- 2683, Oct. 2010.
[90] Jothibasu, S.; Mishra, M.K., “A AC-AC converter based topology for mitigation of voltage sag with phase jump,” Industrial and Information Systems (ICIIS), 2013 8th IEEE International Conference on , vol., no., pp.259-264, 17-20 Dec. 2013.
[91] Ramirez, J.M.; Garcia-Vite, P.; Lozano, J.M.; Mancilla-David, F., “Dynamic voltage restorers based on AC-AC topologies,” Power and Energy Society General Meeting, 2012 IEEE , vol., no., pp.1-7, 22-26 July 2012.
[92] Jothibasu, S.; Mishra, M.K., “An Improved Direct AC–AC Converter for Voltage Sag
Mitigation,” Industrial Electronics, IEEE Transactions on , vol.62, no.1, pp.21-29, Jan. 2015.
[93] Babaei, E.; Kangarlu, M.F., “A new topology for dynamic voltage restorers without dc
link,” Industrial Electronics & Applications, 2009. ISIEA 2009. IEEE Symposium on , vol.2, no., pp.1016-1021, 4-6 Oct. 2009
[94] Lozano, J.M.; Ramirez, J.M.; Correa, R.E., “A novel Dynamic Voltage Restorer based on matrix converters,” Modern Electric Power Systems (MEPS), 2010 Proceedings of the Inte rnationalSymposium , vol., no., pp.1,7, 20-22 Sept. 2010.
[95] Lozano, J.M.; Hernandez-Figueroa, M.A.; Ramirez, J.M., “An operative comparison of two DVR topologies based on a matrix converter without energy storage,” IECON 2012 – 38th Annual Conference on IEEE Industrial Electronics Society , vol., no., pp.6050-6056, 25-28 Oct. 2012.
[96] Garcia-Vite, P.M.; Mancilla-David, F.; Ramirez, J.M., “Dynamic modeling and control of an AC-link dynamic voltage restorer,” Industrial Electronics (ISIE), 2011 IEEE International Symposium on , vol., no., pp.1615-1620, 27-30 June 2011
[97] Jothibasu, S.; Mishra, M.K., “A Control Scheme for Storageless DVR Based on Characterization of Voltage Sags,” Power Delivery, IEEE Transactions on , vol.29, no.5, pp.2261-2269, Oct. 2014.
[98] Garcia-Vite, P.M.; Mancilla-David, F.; Ramirez, J.M., “A Dynamic Voltage Restorer based on vectorswitching matrix converters,” Industrial Technology (ICIT), 2010 IEEE International Conference on ,vol., no., pp.637-642, 14-17 March 2010.
CITATION COUNT- 07
RECONFIGURABLE OPTICAL ADD AND DROP
MULTIPLEXERS A REVIEW
Devendra Kr.Tripathi, Pallavi Singh, N.K.Shukla and H.K.Dixit
Dept. of Electronics& Communication, University of Allahabad, Allahabad,India
ABSTRACT
Optical multiplexing is the key function of a WDM network and reliable method for data transport networks. WDM networks configured as rings/mesh along with Optical Add-Drop Multiplexers supports added flexibility, simplicity and augment the spectral efficiency. Further enhancement achieved with Reconfigurable OADM architectures, growing briskly along with automatic network management, let the transport network to acclimatize with dynamically varying environment and flexibly respond to the transport network changes. It permits single or many wavelengths to be added and/or dropped from a transport fiber without optical-to-electrical-to-optical domain translation. Presently ROADM technology has revolutionized optical networking and an inseparable part of modern optical communication offering huge bandwidth for data transport at minimum expense. In this view the article presents comprehensive study for numerous generations of ROADM and their architecture and persistent development.
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KEYWORDS
Thin-film filters (TFFs), optical transport network (OTN), fully-reconfigurable OADM (FROADMS)
REFERENCES
[1] A.D. Ellis, et.al. “Full 10×10 Gbit/s OTDM data generation and demultiplexing using electroabsorption modulators”, Elect Lett, vol. 34, no.18, p. 1766, (1998).
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[3] Advanced optical Components at the add/drop node. Light wave August,
1999,http://www.lightwaveonline.com/articles/print/volume-16/issue-9/special-report/.
[4] J. M. Tang and K. A. Shore, “Wavelength-routing capability of reconfigurable optical add/dropmultiplexers in dynamic optical networks,”J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 24, no. 11, pp. 4296–4303, Nov.2006.
[5] R. Jensen, “Optical switch architectures for emerging colorless/directionless/contentionless ROADM networks,” in OFC/NFOEC, 2011.
[6] R. Jensen, “Optical switch architectures for emerging colorless/directionless/contentionless ROADM networks”, in Optical Fiber Communication Conference. Optical Society of America, 2011, p.OThR3.
[7] M. D. Feuer et al., “Intra-node contention in dynamic photonic networks”, J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 29, no. 4,pp. 529–535, Feb 2011.
[8] P. Pavon-Marino and M. Bueno-Delgado, “Distributed online RWA considering add/drop contention in the nodes for directionless and colorless ROADMs”, in National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference, Optical Society of America, 2012, paper NW3F.4.
[9] J. Wagener et al “Characterization of the economic impact of stranded bandwidth in fixed OADM relative to ROADM networks,” presented at the Optical Fibre Communication Conf./National Fiber Optic Engineers Conf. (OFC/NFOEC), Anaheim, CA, Mar. 5–10, 2006, Paper OThM6.
[10] T. Hsieh et al “Banding in optical add–drop multiplexers in WDM networks: preserving agility while minimizing cost,” in Proc. IEEE Int.Conf. Commun., 2003, vol. 2, pp. 1397–1401.
[11] S. Subramaniam et al “The benefits of wavelength conversion in WDM networks with non-Poisson traffic,” IEEE Commun. Lett., vol. 3, no. 3,pp. 81–83, Mar. 1999.
[12] Light Reading’s Heavy Reading – “ROADMs and the Future of Metro Optical Networks”, May 2005, HEAVY READING, VOL. 3, NO. 8, MAY 2005, ROADMS and the future of metro optical networks,1-5
[13] David Wang ; Yan Bin Shao , “Reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexers (ROADM): a key network element for all optical network”SPIE Proceedings | Volume 4907.proc. SPIE 4907, Optical Switching and Optical Interconnection II, 16 (September 2, 2002); doi:10.1117/12.482289.
[14] B. P. Keyworth, “ROADM Subsystems & Technologies,” Proc. OFC/NFOEC (2005).
[15] Steven Gringeri et al., “Flexible Architectures for Optical Transport Nodes and Networks,” IEEE Commun.Mag., July 2010.
[16] L. Eldada, “Organic photonics,” chapter in Microphotonics: Hardware for the Information Age, Ed. L. Kimerling,MIT, Cambridge (2005).
[17] L. Eldada, “Photonic integrated circuits,” in Encyclopedia of Optical Engineering, Ed. R.Driggers,Marcel Dekker, NewYork (2003).
[18] L. Eldada et al., “Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Optoelectronic Subsystems on a Chip,” Proc. SPIE 5729,200 (2005).
[19] Louay Eldada,’Advances in Optoelectronic Technologies for ROADM Subsystems, DuPont Photonics Technology,http://www.wocc.org/wocc2005/cover/Slides/S9/S9%20Louay%20Eldada.pdf.
[20] A. M. Radojevic et al., “Hybrid-integrated ROADM for reconfigurable optical networks,” Proc.ECOC 30, Tu1.4.5 (2004).
[21] L. Eldada et al. “Fully reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexing subsystem on a chip,” Proc. SPIE5279, 241 (2003).
[22] J. M. Tang and K. A. Shore, “Wavelength-routing capability of reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexers in dynamic optical networks,”J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 24, no. 11, pp. 4296–4303, Nov.2006.
[23] M. Mezhoudi et al., “The value of multiple degree ROADMs on metropolitan network economics,” in Proc. OFC, Mar. 2006, pp. 1– K. Grobe, “Applications of ROADMs and control planes in metro and regional networks,” in Proc. OFC, Mar. 2007, pp. 1–12.
CITATION COUNT- 06
A LIP LOCALIZATION BASED VISUAL FEATURE
EXTRACTION METHOD
Namrata Dave
Department of Computer Engineering, Gujarat Technological University, India
ABSTRACT
This paper presents a lip localization based visual feature extraction method to segment lip region from image or video in real time. Lip localization and tracking is useful in many applications such as lip reading, lip synchronization, visual speech recognition, facial animation etc. To synchronize lip movements with input audio we need to first segment lip region from input image or video frame. This paper presents a novel color based approach for localization of lips, which is an early stage for tracking lips in real time. A phoneme is a basic unit of speech and a viseme is a visual representation of phoneme or shape of mouth while utterance of particular phoneme. The main goal of our work is to implement a system for synchronizing lips with the input speech. To extract visual features i.e. visemes from input video frame or image we have used HSV and YCbCr color model along with various morphological operations. We have
developed algorithm to work with normal lighting conditions and natural facial images of female and male.
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KEYWORDS
Lip localization, viseme extraction, visual feature extraction, HSV color model, YCbCr color model
REFERENCES
[1] Tsuhan Chen and R. R, Rao, “Audio-visual interaction in multimedia communication,” in Proc. Of IEEE Intern. Con$ on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP’97), vol. 1, 1997, pp. 179-182.
[2] X. Zhang and R. M. Mersereau, M. Clements, C. C. Broun, “Visual Speech Feature Extraction for Improved Speech Recognition,” in Proc. IEEE Intern. Con$ on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP’O2), vol. 2, 2002, pp. 1993-1996.
[3] D. Lo, R. A. Goubran, J. Gammal, G. Thompson, and D. Schulz, “Robust Joint Audio-Video Localization in Video Conferencing using Reliability Information,” in Proc. 20th IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conf: (IMTC’O3), vol. 2, May 2003, pp. 141-418.
[4] K. L. Sum, W. H. Lau, S. H. Leung, A. W. C. Liew, and K. W. Tse, “A New Optimization Procedure for Extracting the Point-based Lip Contour Using Active Shape Model,” in Proc. Of IEEE Intern. Con. on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP ’Ol), vol. 3, May 2001, pp. 1485-1488.
[5] A. W. C Liew, S.H. Leung, and W.H. Lau, “Lip Contour Extraction Using a Deformable Model,” in Proc. of IEEE Intern. Con. on Image Processing (ICIP’OO), vol. 2, Sept. 2000, pp. 255-258.
[6] R. Kaucic and A. Blake, “Accurate, Real-time, Unadomed Lip Tracking,” in Proc. of 6th International Conference on Computer Vision, 1998, pp. 370-375.
[7] T. Coianiz, L. Torresani and B. Caprile, “2D Deformable Models for Visual Speech Analysis”, Proceedings of Springer, Speech reading by Humans and Machines, D.G. stork & M. E. Hennecke Eds., NY, 1996.
[8] X. Zhang and R.M. Mersereau, “Lip Features extraction Towards an Automatic Speech-reading System”, Proceedings of ICIP00, Wa07.05, Vancouver, Canada,2000.
[9] M. Heckmann, F. Berthommier and K. Kroschel, “Noise adaptive stream weighting in audio-visual speech recognition”, Proceedings of EURASIP J. Appl. Signal, vol. 2002, pp. 1260-1273, Nov. 2002.
[10] J. Chaloupka, “Automatic Lips Reading for Audio-Visual Speech Processing and Recognition”, Proceedings of Of ICSLP, pp. 2505-2508, Jeju Island, Korea, Oct. 2004.
[11] N. Eveno, A. Caplier, P.Y. Coulon. “A new color transformation for lips segmentation”, Proceedings of IEEE Fourth Workshop on Multimedia Signal, pp. 3-8, Cannes, France, 2001.
[12] N. Eveno, A. Caplier and P. Coulon, “Accurate and Quasi-Automatic Lip Tracking”, Proceedings of IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Techn. 14(5): 706-715., 2004.
[13] A.W.C. Liew, S.H. Leung, and W.H. Lau, “Segmentation of color lip images by spatial fuzzy clustering” Proceedings of IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst. vol. 11 no. 4, pp. 542-549, Aug. 2003.
[14] Y. P. Guan, “Automatic Extraction of Lip Based on Wavelet Edge Detection”, Proceedings of the Eighth international Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms, Scientific Computing SYNASC. IEEE Computer Society, pp. 125-132. Sept. 2006.
[15] S. Lee and D. Yook, “Viseme recognition experiment using context dependent Hidden Markov Models”, Proceedings of Third Intl. Conf. on Intelligent Data Engineering and Automated learning, Vol. 2412 pp. 557-561, 2002.
[16] N. Dave, N. M. Patel. “Phoneme and Viseme based Approach for Lip Synchronization.”, InternationalJournal of Signal Processing, Image Processing and Pattern Recognition. 7(3), pp. 385-394, 2014.
CITATION COUNT- 02
A COMPARISON BETWEEN SWARM INTELLIGENCE
ALGORITHMS FOR ROUTING PROBLEMS
Shima Sabet1, Mohammad Shokouhifar*2, and Fardad Farokhi1
1Department of Electrical Engineering, Islamic Azad University of Central TehranBranch,Tehran, Iran
2Department of Electrical Engineering, ShahidBeheshti University G.C., Tehran, Iran
ABSTRACT
Travelling salesman problem (TSP) is a most popular combinatorial routing problem, belongs to the class of NP-hard problems. Many approacheshave been proposed for TSP.Among them, swarm intelligence (SI) algorithms can effectively achieve optimal tours with the minimum lengths and attempt to avoid trapping in local minima points. The transcendence of each SI is depended on the nature of the problem. In our studies,
there has been yet no any article, which had compared the performance of SI algorithms for TSP perfectly. In this paper,four common SI algorithms are used to solve TSP, in order to compare the performance of SI algorithms for the TSP problem. These algorithms include genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization, ant colony optimization, and artificial bee colony. For each SI, the various parameters and operators were
tested, and the best values were selected for it. Experiments oversome benchmarks fromTSPLIBshow that artificial bee colony algorithm is the best one among the fourSI-basedmethods to solverouting problems like TSP.
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KEYWORDS
Travelling salesman problem (TSP), Swarm intelligence algorithms, Genetic algorithm (GA), Ant colony optimization (ACO), Particle swarm optimization (PSO), Artificial bee colony (ABC).
REFERENCES
[1] X. Wang & A. C. Regan, (2002) “Local truckload pickup and delivery with hard time window constraints”, Transportation Research, Part B, pp. 97–112.
[2] M. Shokouhifar & A. Jalali, (2015) “A new evolutionary based application specific routing protocol for clustered wireless sensor networks”, AEU-International Journal of Electronics and Communications, Vol. 69, No. 1, pp. 432-441.
[3] M. Shokouhifar, A. Jalali & H. Torfehnejad, (2015) “Optimal routing in traveling salesman problem using artificial bee colony and simulated annealing”, In 1st National Road ITS Congress.
[4] M. Shokouhifar & A. Jalali, (2015) “An evolutionary-based methodology for symbolic simplification of analog circuits using genetic algorithm and simulated annealing”, Expert Systems with Applications, Vol. 42, No. 3, pp. 1189-1201.
[5] C. A. Silvaa, M. C. Sousaa & T. A. Runkler, (2008) “Rescheduling and optimization of logistic processes using GA and ACO”, Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 21, pp. 343-352.
[6] M. ationfor traveling salesman problem”, In 2012 International Symposium on Innovations in Intelligent Systems and Applications (INISTA), pp. 1-5.
[7] M. Padberg & G. Rinaldi, (1987) “Optimization of a 532-city symmetric traveling salesman problem by branch and cut”, Operational Researches, Vol. 6, pp.1–7.
[8] M. W. Padberg & S. Hong, (1980) “On the symmetric traveling salesman problem: a computational study”, Math. Prog. Stud, Vol. 12, pp. 78–107.
[9] B. E. Bellman, (1963) “Dynamic programming treatment of the traveling salesman problem”, J. Assoc. Comput. Mach., Vol. 9.
[10] A. Ugur & D. Aydin, (2009) “An interactive simulation and analysis software for solving TSP using ant colony optimization algorithms”, Advances in Engineering Software, Vol. 40, pp. 341–349.
[11] C. Song, K. Lee & W. D. Lee, (2003) “Extended simulated annealing for augmented TSP and multisalesmenTSP”, In Proceedings of the international joint conference on neural networks, pp. 2340–43.
[12] J. L. Ryan, T. G. Bailey, J. T. Moore & W. B. Carlton, (1998) “Reactive Tabu search in unmannedaerial reconnaissance simulations,” In Proceedings of the 1998 winter simulation conference, pp. 873–879.
[13] C. Moon, J. Kim, G. Choi & Y. Seo, (2002) “An efficient genetic algorithm for the traveling salesmanproblem with precedence constraints,” European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 140, pp. 606-617.
[14] J. Majumdara& A. K. Bhunia, (2011) “Genetic algorithm for asymmetric traveling salesman problemwith imprecise travel times,” Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, Vol. 235, pp.3063–3078.
[15] H. Ismkhan & K. Zamanifar, (2012) “Developing Improved Greedy Crossover to Solve SymmetricTraveling Salesman Problem”, In Proceedings of IEEE conferences.
[16] I. C. Choi, S. I. Kim & H. S. Kim, (2003) “A genetic algorithm with a mixedregion search for theasymmetric traveling salesman problem,” Computers & Operations Research, Vol. 30, pp. 773–786,2003.
[17] M. Albayrak & N. Allahverdi, (2011) “Development a new mutation operator to solve the TravelingSalesman Problem by aid of Genetic Algorithms,” Expert Systems with Applications, Vol. 38, pp.1313–1320.
[18] C. Wang, J. Zhang, J. Yang, C. Hu & J. Liu, (2005) “A Modified Particle Swarm OptimizationAlgorithm and its Application For Solving Traveling Salesman Problem,” In IEEE Conference Proceedings, pp. 689-694.
[19] S. A. Subbotin & A. A. Oleynik, (2006) “PSO with Control of Velocity Change for Feature Selection,” In Conference Proceedings, pp. 80-82.
[20] X. H. Shi, Y. C. Liang, H. P. Lee, C. Lu & Q. X. Wang, (2007) “Particle swarm optimization-based algorithms for TSP and generalized TSP,” Information Processing Letters, Vol. 103, pp. 169–176.
[21] G. Shang, Z. Lei, Z. Fengting & Z. Chunxian, (2007) “Solving Traveling Salesman Problem by Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm with Association Rule,” Third International Conference on Natural Computation (ICNC), pp. 1-4.
[22] L. Li, S. Ju & Y. Zhang, (2008) “Improved Ant Colony Optimization for the Traveling Salesman Problem,”International Conference on Intelligent Computation Technology and Automation, pp. 76-80.
[23] A. Ugur & D. Aydin, (2009) “An interactive simulation and analysis software for solving TSP using Ant Colony Optimization algorithms,” Advances in Engineering Software, Vol. 40, pp. 341–349.
[24] X. Zhang, Q. Bai & X. Yun, (2011) “A New Hybrid Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm for the Traveling Salesman Problem,” In IEEE Conference Proceedings, pp. 155-159.
[25] S. Sabet, M. Shokouhifar & F. Farokhi, (2013) “A hybrid mutation-based artificial bee colony for traveling salesman problem”, Lecture Notes on Information Theory, Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 99-103.
[26] M. Shokouhifar & A. Jalali, (2014) “Real-time task scheduling in heterogeneous multiprocessor systems using artificial bee colony”, In 22th Iranian conference on electrical engineering (ICEE2014), pp. 1007-1012.
[27] M. Shokouhifar & F. Farokhi, (2010) “An artificial bee colony optimization for feature subset selection using supervised fuzzy c_means algorithm”, In 3rd International conference on information security and artificial intelligent (ISAI), pp. 427-432.
[28] M. Shokouhifar & A. Jalali, (2015) “Automatic simplified symbolic analysis of analog circuits using modified nodal analysis and genetic algorithm”, Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers, Vol. 24,No. 4, pp. 1-20.
[29] M. Shokouhifar & A. Jalali, (2014) “Automatic symbolic simplification of analog circuits in MATLAB using ant colony optimization”, 22th Iranian conference on electrical engineering (ICEE2014), pp. 407-412.
[30] S. Sabet, M. Shokouhifar & F. Farokhi, (2013) “A discrete artificial bee colony for multiple knapsackproblem”, Int. J. Reasoning-based Intelligent Systems, Vol. 5, No. 2, pp.88–95.
[31] M. Shokouhifar & G. S. Abkenar, (2011) “An artificial bee colony optimization for mri fuzzy segmentation of brain tissue”
[32] M. Shokouhifar & A. Jalali, (2016) “Evolutionary based simplified symbolic PSRR analysis of analog integrated circuits”, Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing
0680-2.
[32] M. Shokouhifar & A. Jalali, (2016) “Evolutionary based simplified symbolic PSRR analysis of analog integrated circuits”, Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing
0680-2.
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CITATION COUNT- 01
MODELING AND SIMULATION OF SOLAR
PHOTOVOLTAIC APPLICATION BASED MULTILEVEL
INVERTER WITH REDUCED COUNT TOPOLOGY FOR
STAND-ALONE SYSTEM
Amarnath, R.K. Nema, Deepak Verma
Department of Electrical Engineering
Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal 462003,
Madhya Pradesh, India
ABSTRACT
As the solar market is blooming and forecasted to continue this trend in the coming years. The efficiency and reliability of PV based system has always been a contention among researchers. Therefore, multilevel inverters are gaining more assiduity as it has multitude of benefits. It offers high power capability along with low output harmonics. The main disadvantage of MLI is its complexity and requirement of large number of power devices and passive components. This paper presents a topology thatachieve el inverter. This topology is basically based on H-bridge with bi-directional auxiliary switch. This paper includes a stand-alone PV system in which designing and simulation of Boost converter connected with multilevel inverter for ac load is presented. Perturb and observe MPPT algorithm has been implemented to extract maximum power. The
premier objective is to obtain Voltage with less harmonic distortion economically. Multicarrier Sinusoidal PWM techniques have been implemented and analysed for modulation scheme. The Proposed system is simulated n MATLAB/Simulink platform.
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KEYWORDS
MLI;P&O MPPT algorithm;MC-SPWM; Boost converter.
REFERENCES
[1] Weidong Xiao; Edwin, F.F.; Spagnuolo, G.; Jatskevich, .I.,”Eflicient Approaches for Modeling andSimulating PhotovoltaicPower Systems,” Photovoltaics, IEEE Journal of , vol.3, no.l,pp.500,508,Jan. 2013.
[2] Franquelo, L.G.; Rodriguez, .I.; Leon, .1.1.; Kouro, S.; Portillo, R.; Prats, M.AM.; , “The age of multilevel converters arrives,” Industrial Electronics Magazine, IEEE, vol.2, no.2, pp.28-39, June2008.
[3] Dash, S.K.; Raj, R.A.; Nema, S.; Nema, R.K., “Development of photovoltaic (PV) cell/module/arrayand non-uniform irradiance effect based on two-diode model by using PSPICE simulator,”
[4] Nema R K, SavitaNema, GayatriAgnihotri. Computer simulation based study of photovoltaiccells/modules and their experimental verification. International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering 2009;1.3:156-151.
[5] D.Verma,S.Nema,A.M.Shandilya,” A Di®erent Approach to Design Non-Isolated DC–DC Converters for Maximum Power Point Tracking in Solar Photovoltaic Systems,” Journal of Circuits, Systems, and Computers Vol. 25, No. 8 (2016) 1630004 (22 pages).
[6] BidyadharSubudhi, Senior Member, IEEE, and RaseswariPradhan, “A Comparative Study on Maximum Power PointTracking Techniques for Photovoltaic Power Systems,” IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, Vol. 4, No. 1, January 2013
[7] D. Verma, S. Nema, A. M. Shandilya and S. K. Dash, Comprehensive analysis of maximum power point tracking techniques in solar photovoltaic systems under uniform insolation and partial shaded condition, J. Renew. Sust.Energy 7 (2015) 042701.
[8] D. Verma, S. Nema, A. M. Shandilya and S. K. Dash, Maximum power point tracking(MPPT) techniques: Recapitulation in solar photovoltaic systems, Renew. Sust.EnergyRev. 54 (2016) 1018–1034.
[9] S. K. Dash, S. Nema, R. K. Nema and D. Verma. A comprehensive assessment of maximum power point tracking techniques under uniform and non-uniform irradiance and its impact on photovoltaic systems: A review, J. Renew. Sust.Energy 7(6) (2015) 063113.
[10] S. K. Dash, D. Verma, S. Nema and R. K. Nema, Comparative analysis of maximum power point (MPP) tracking techniques for solar PV application using MATLAB Simulink, Recent Advances and Innovations in Engineering (ICRAIE), Jaipur, India, 09–11 May 2014, pp. 1–7.
[11] F. Liu, Y. Kang, Y. Zhang, and S. Duan, “Comparison of p&o and hill climbing MPPT methods for grid-connected PV generator,” inProc.3rd IEEE Conf. Industrial Electron.Applicat., Singapore, Jun.3–5,2008.
[12] A. Nabae, I. Takahashi, and H. Akagi, “A new neutral-point clamped PWM inverter,” IEEE Trans.Industry Applications, vol. IA-17, pp. 518–523, September/October 1981.
[13] Agarwal,R;Tandekar,J.A;Jain,S; “Multi-carrier pulse width modulation schemes for multilevel converters,” Electrical, Electronics and Computer Science (SCEECS),IEEE Students’ Conference on, DOI: 10.1109/SCEECS.2016.7509285,2016
[14] Babaei, E.;, “A Cascade Multilevel Converter Topology With Reduced Number of Switches,” Power Electronics, IEEE Transactions on, vo1.23,no.6, pp.2657-2664, Nov. 2008.
[15] Hinago, Y.; Koizumi, H.;, “A Single-Phase Multilevel Inverter Using Switched Series Parallel DC Voltage Sources,” Industrial Electronics,IEEE Transactions on, vol.57, no.8, pp.2643-2650, Aug.2010.
[16] Gupta, K.K.; Jain, S., “Comprehensive review of a recently proposed multilevel inverter,” Power Electronics, lET, vol. 7, no.3, pp.467,479,March 2014.
[17] Kangariu, M.F.; Babaei, E.; Sabahi, M., “Cascaded cross-switched multilevel inverter in symmetric and asymmetric conditions,” Power Electronics, lET, vol.6, no.6, pp. 1 041,1050, July 2013.
[18] Mokhberdoran, A; Ajami, A, “Symmetric and Asymmetric Design and Implementation of New Cascaded Multilevel Inverter Topology,” Power Electronics, IEEE Transactions on, vol.29, no.l2, pp.6712,6724, Dec 2014.
[19] Kangarlu, M.F.; Babaei, E.;, “A Generalized Cascaded Multilevel Inverter Using Series Connection of Submultilevel Inverters,” Power Electronics, IEEE Transactions on, vol.28, no.2, pp.625-636,Feb. 2013.
CITATION COUNT:01
UNION OF GRAVITATIONAL AND
ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS
ON THE BASIS OF NONTRADITIONAL
PRINCIPLES
Nastasenko V.А,Kherson
State Maritime Academy, Ukraine
ABSTRACT
The traditional principle of solving the problem of combining the gravitational and electromagnetic fields is associated with the movement of the transformation of parameters from the electromagnetic to the gravitational field on the basis of Maxwell and Lorentz equations. The proposed non-traditional principle is associated with the movement of the transformation of parameters from the gravitational to the electromagnetic field, which simplifies the process. Nave principle solving this task by using special physical quantities found by M. Planck in 1900: – Planck’s length, time and mass), the uniqueness of which is that they are obtained on the basis of 3 fundamental physical constants: the velocity c of light in vacuum, the Planck’s constant h and the gravitational constant G, which reduces them to the fundamentals of the Universe. Strict physical regularities were obtained for the based on intercommunication of 3-th fundamental physical constants c, h and G, that allow to single out wave characteristic νG from G which is identified with the frequency of gravitational field. On this base other wave and substance parameters were strictly defined and their numerical values obtained. It was proved that gravitational field with the given wave parameters can be unified only with electromagnetic field having the same wave parameters that’s why it is possible only on Plank’s level of world creation. The solution of given problems is substantiated by well-known physical laws and conformities and not contradiction to modern knowledge about of material world and the Universe on the whole. It is actual for development of physics and other branches of science and technique.
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VOLUME URL : https://wireilla.com/engg/ecij/vol6.html
KEYWORDS
fundamental physical constants, wave parameters gravitation and electromagnetic fields.
REFERENCES
[1] Alekseev D. V., Bonch-Bruevich A. M., Voronov-Romanov A. S. et al. (1983). Phizicheskij
encyclopedicheskij slovar. Pod red. A. M.Prohorov (Ed.). Moskva : SoEncyclopedia.–928S.
[2] Belov A.F., Voskobounikov V.G. et. Al. (1989) Politechnicheskij slovar /Red. col.: A.Yu. Ishlinskij (gl. red.) i dr, -3-e izd., pererab. i dop. –M.: Sov. Encyclopedia,. -S. 134, 382, 486, 638-640.
[3] CODATA Internationally recommended values of the Fundamental Physical Constants (Интернетресурс).
[4] Parker B. Mechta Ejnstejna. V poiskah edinoj teorii stroenija Vselennoj. – SPb.: Amfora, 2000. – 333S.
[5] Nastasenko V.A. (2000) Etalon massu v elementah kvantovoj phiziki: Mashinostroense itechnosphera na rubeje XXI v. Sb. trudov VII Megdunar. nauch.-techn. konfvSevastopole.
Doneck: DonGTU, T1. -S. 95-100.
[6] Nastasenko V.A. (2006) Ayaliz granuchno mojluvyh csharuvatuh ctryktur: Fizika i himija tverdogotila. –Ivano-Frankivsk. Prikarp. nac. university. Т.7. №4. -S.793-797.
[7] https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2017/press.html
[8] Nastasenko V. A. (2014). Strogoe opredelenie volnovihkh parametrov gravitacionnogo polya iobjhedinenie gravitacionnogo i ehlektromagnitnogo poleyj: Suchasnі іnformacіyjnі ta іnnovacіyjnіtekhnologії na transportі. Mіzhnarodna naukovo-praktichna konferencia. Kherson, KhDMA, 198-204.
[9] Nastasenko V. A. (2014). Novue osnovu dlja strogogo opredelenia volnovihkh parametrovgravitacionnogo polya i objhedinenie gravitacionnogo i ehlektromagnitnogo poleyj: Naukoviyj vіsnik KhDMA: naukoviyj zhurnal. Kherson, 1 (10), 213-222.
[10] Silk Dj. (1982). Boljshoyj vzrihv. I. D. Novikova (Ed.). Moskva : Mir. – 391.
[11] Civіljniyj kodeks Ukrainu (2003). Zakonu Ukrainu. Kyiv : Shkola, -142.
[12] Nastasenko V. A. (2012). Obgruntuvannya parametrіv mіnіmaljnogo kvanta prostoru Vsesvіtu:Naukoviyj vіsnik KhDMA: naukoviyj zhurnal. Kherson, 1 (6), 285-297.
[13] Nastasenko V. A. (2004). Otkrutie predelno vozmojnuh volnovuh parametrov: Theoria and tehnicaperedachi, priema i pererabotki informacii. 10-ja jubilejnaja Megdunarodnaja conferencia. Kharkov :KhNURE. Vol. 1, 30-31.
[14] Nastasenko V. A. (2013) O vozmozhnosti utochneniya znacheniya gravitacionnoyj postoyannoyj raschetnihm putem: Vihsokoproizvoditeljnihe vihchisliteljnihe sistemih 2013. Kiev, NTUU «KPI»,266-272 www HPS-UA-13
[15] Valentyn A. Nastasenko New principles of solving the problem of combining the gravitational and electromagnetic fields /2-th International Conference on Quantum Physics and Quantum Technology. September 25-26 2017 in Berlin, Germany. – P. 43.
[16] Valentyn A. Nastasenko On the Possibility of Refining the Gravitational Constant and Solving the Task of Integrating the Gravitational and Electromagnetic Fields /3-th International Conference on Theoretical and Condensed Matter Physics. October 19-21 2017 in New York, USA. – P. 61.
CITATION COUNT-01
USING MACHINE LEARNING TO BUILD A
SEMI-INTELLIGENT BOT
Ali Rahmani, Patrick Laffitte, Raja Haddad and Yassin Chabeb
Research and development entity, Data Science team, Palo IT, Paris, France
ABSTRACT
Nowadays, real-time systems and intelligent systems offer more and more control interface based on voice recognition or human language recognition. Robots and drones will soon be mainly controlled by voice.Other robots will integrate bots to interact with their users, this can be useful both in industry and entertainment. At first, researchers were digging on the side of “ontology reasoning”. Given all the technical constraints brought by the treatment of ontologies, an interesting solution has emerged in last years: the construction of a model based on machine learning to connect a human language to a knowledge base (based for example on RDF). We present in this paper our contribution to build a bot that could be used on real-time systems and drones/robots, using recent machine learning technologies.
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VOLUME URL : https://wireilla.com/engg/ecij/vol6.html
KEYWORDS
Real-time systems, Intelligent systems, Machine learning, Bot
REFERENCES
[1] CLiPS, https://www.clips.uantwerpen.be/PAGES/PATTERN-FR.
[2] NLTK, http://www.nltk.org/
[3] Gensim, https://radimrehurek.com/project/gensim/
[4] Scikit learn, http://scikit-learn.org/stable/
[5] CoreNLP, https://stanfordnlp.github.io/CoreNLP/
[6] Web scraping, https://www.webharvy.com/articles/what-is-web-scraping.html
[7] XPath, https://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-xpath-19991116/
[8] TF-IDF, http://www.tfidf.com/17
[9] Quoc V. Le & Tomas Mikolov (2014) Distributed Representations of Sentences and Documents.CoRR abs/1405.4053
[10] Word-Embeddings, http://sanjaymeena.io/tech/word-embeddings/
[11] Word2vec and Doc2vec, http://gensim.narkive.com/RavqZorK/gensim-4914-graphic-representationsof-word2vec-and-doc2vec
[12] Quoc V. Le & Tomas Mikolov (2014) Distributed Representations of Sentences and Documents.CoRR abs/1405.4053
[13] Representations of word2vec and doc2vec, http://gensim.narkive.com/RavqZorK/gensim-4914-graphic-representations-of-word2vec-and-doc2vec
[14] Patrick Hohenecker, Thomas Lukasiewicz (2009) “Deep Learning for Ontology Reasoning”, CoRRabs/1705.10342
[15] Trapit Bansal, Arvind Neelakantan, Andrew McCallum, (2017) “RelNet: End-to-end Modeling of Entities & Relations”, University of Massachusetts Amherst, CoRR abs/1706.07179.
[16] Thuy Vu & Douglas Stott Parker, (2016) “$K$-Embeddings: Learning Conceptual Embeddings for Words using Context”, HLT-NAACL, pp 1262-1267
[17] Palo IT, http://palo-it.com/
[18] Voice IT, https://github.com/Palo-IT/voice-IT
CITATION COUNT-01
Investigation of Interleaved Boost Converter with
Voltage multiplier for PV with Fuzzy MPPT
V.Aarthi#1, Dr.R.Seyezhai*2#PG Scholar, EEE Department*ASSP, EEE Department
Renewable Energy Conversion Laboratory,SSN College of Engineering, Chennai,India
ABSTRACT
This paper depicts the significance of Interleaved Boost Converter (IBC) with diode-capacitor multiplierwith PV as the input source. Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) was used to obtain maximum power from the PV system. In this, interleaving topology is used to reduce the input current ripple, output voltage ripple, power loss and to suppress the ripple in battery current in the case of Plugin Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV). Moreover, voltage multiplier cells are added in the IBC configuration to reduce the narrow turn-off periods. Two MPPT techniques are compared in this paper: i) Perturb and Observe (P&O) algorithm ii) Fuzzy Logic . The two algorithms are simulated using MATLAB and the comparison of performance parameters like the ripple is done and the results are verified.
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VOLUME URL : https://wireilla.com/engg/ecij/vol5.html
KEY WORDS:
IBC, Photovoltaic panels, MPPT, PHEV
REFERENCES
[1] Huan-Liang Tsai, Ci-Siang Tu, and Yi-Jie Su, ‘Development of Generalized Photovoltaic Model Using MATLAB/SIMULINK’, Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science, October 2008.
[2] N. Pandiarajan and RanganathMuthu, ‘Mathematical modeling of Photovoltaic Module with Simulink’,International Conference on Electrical Energy Systems (ICEES 2011), 3-5 Jan 2011
[3] SamerAlsadi, BasimAlsayid,’Maximum Power Point Tracking simulation for Photovoltaic Systems using Perturb and Observe Algorithm’, International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT) Volume 2, Issue 6, December 2012.
[4] Dr.RachanaGarg, Dr.Alka Singh, Shikha Gupta, ‘PV Cell models and Dynamic simulation of MPPT trackers in MATLAB’, IEEE, 2014.
[5] HasanMahamudul, MekhilefSaad, and Metselaar Ibrahim Henk, ‘Photovoltaic System modeling with Fuzzy Logic Based Maximum Power Point Tracking Algorithm’,International Journal of Photoenergy, Volume 2013.
[6] S. Karthika1 ,Dr. P. Rathika2, Dr. D. Devaraj,’Fuzzy Logic Based Maximum Power Point Tracking designed for 10kW Solar Photovoltaic System’, International Journal of Computer Science and Management Research,Vol.2, Iss 2, February 2013.
[7] WeerachatKhadmun and WanchaiSubsingha, ‘High Voltage Gain Interleaved DC Boost Converter application for Photovoltaic Generation System’, ELSEVIER, 10th Eco-Energy and Materials Science and Engineering,2013.
[8] Wuhua Li, Yi Zhao, Yan Deng, and Xiangning He, ‘Interleaved Converter With Voltage Multiplier Cell for High Step-Up and High-Efficiency Conversion’, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 25, No. 9, September 2010
[9] Luo-wei Zhou, Bin-xin Zhu, Quan-mingLuo, Si Chen, ‘Interleaved non-isolated high step-up DC/DC converter based on the diode–capacitor multiplier’, IET Power Electronics,Vol.7Iss . 2 June 2013
[10] Burak Akın, ‘Comparison of Conventional and Interleaved PFC Boost Converters for Fast and Efficient Charge of Li-ion Batteries Used in Electrical Cars’, International Conference on Power and Energy Systems, Vol.13, 2012.
[11] Murat Yilmaz, and Philip T. Krein,’Review of Battery Charger Topologies, Charging Power Levels, and Infrastructure for Plug-In Electric and Hybrid Vehicles’, IEEE Transactionson Power Electronics,Vol. 28, No. 5, May 2013.
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